Mechanisms That Determine the Internal Environment of the Developing Brain: A Transcriptomic, Functional and Ultrastructural Approach
Identifieur interne : 004610 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 004609; suivant : 004611Mechanisms That Determine the Internal Environment of the Developing Brain: A Transcriptomic, Functional and Ultrastructural Approach
Auteurs : Shane A. Liddelow [Australie, États-Unis] ; Katarzyna M. Dziegielewska [Australie] ; C. Joakim Ek [Suède] ; Mark D. Habgood [Australie] ; Hannelore Bauer [Autriche] ; Hans-Christian Bauer [Autriche] ; Helen Lindsay [Australie] ; Matthew J. Wakefield [Australie] ; Nathalie Strazielle [France] ; Ingrid Kratzer [Autriche] ; Kjeld M Llg Rd [Danemark] ; Jean-François Ghersi-Egea [France] ; Norman R. Saunders [Australie]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2013.
Abstract
We provide comprehensive identification of embryonic (E15) and adult rat lateral ventricular choroid plexus transcriptome, with focus on junction-associated proteins, ionic influx transporters and channels. Additionally, these data are related to new structural and previously published permeability studies. Results reveal that most genes associated with intercellular junctions are expressed at similar levels at both ages. In total, 32 molecules known to be associated with brain barrier interfaces were identified. Nine claudins showed unaltered expression, while two claudins (6 and 8) were expressed at higher levels in the embryo. Expression levels for most cytoplasmic/regulatory adaptors (10 of 12) were similar at the two ages. A few junctional genes displayed lower expression in embryos, including 5 claudins, occludin and one junctional adhesion molecule. Three gap junction genes were enriched in the embryo. The functional effectiveness of these junctions was assessed using blood-delivered water-soluble tracers at both the light and electron microscopic level: embryo and adult junctions halted movement of both 286Da and 3kDa molecules into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The molecular identities of many ion channel and transporter genes previously reported as important for CSF formation and secretion in the adult were demonstrated in the embryonic choroid plexus (and validated with immunohistochemistry of protein products), but with some major age-related differences in expression. In addition, a large number of previously unidentified ion channel and transporter genes were identified for the first time in plexus epithelium. These results, in addition to data obtained from electron microscopical and physiological permeability experiments in immature brains, indicate that exchange between blood and CSF is mainly transcellular, as well-formed tight junctions restrict movement of small water-soluble molecules from early in development. These data strongly indicate the brain develops within a well-protected internal environment and the exchange between the blood, brain and CSF is transcellular and
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065629
PubMed: 23843944
PubMed Central: 3699566
Affiliations:
- Australie, Autriche, Danemark, France, Suède, États-Unis
- Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Californie, Hovedstaden, Rhône-Alpes, Victoria (État)
- Copenhague, Lyon, Melbourne
- Université de Melbourne
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Liddelow</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Pharmacology, the University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology, the University of Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement><region type="état">Victoria (État)</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dziegielewska, Katarzyna M" sort="Dziegielewska, Katarzyna M" uniqKey="Dziegielewska K" first="Katarzyna M." last="Dziegielewska">Katarzyna M. Dziegielewska</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Pharmacology, the University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology, the University of Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement><region type="état">Victoria (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ek, C Joakim" sort="Ek, C Joakim" uniqKey="Ek C" first="C. Joakim" last="Ek">C. Joakim Ek</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gothenburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Habgood, Mark D" sort="Habgood, Mark D" uniqKey="Habgood M" first="Mark D." last="Habgood">Mark D. Habgood</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Pharmacology, the University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology, the University of Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement><region type="état">Victoria (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bauer, Hannelore" sort="Bauer, Hannelore" uniqKey="Bauer H" first="Hannelore" last="Bauer">Hannelore Bauer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Department of Organismic Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Organismic Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Salzburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bauer, Hans Christian" sort="Bauer, Hans Christian" uniqKey="Bauer H" first="Hans-Christian" last="Bauer">Hans-Christian Bauer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Department of Organismic Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Organismic Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Salzburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Salzburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindsay, Helen" sort="Lindsay, Helen" uniqKey="Lindsay H" first="Helen" last="Lindsay">Helen Lindsay</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Medical Biology, the University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Biology, the University of Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement><region type="état">Victoria (État)</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Victoria</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wakefield, Matthew J" sort="Wakefield, Matthew J" uniqKey="Wakefield M" first="Matthew J." last="Wakefield">Matthew J. Wakefield</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, the University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, the University of Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement><region type="état">Victoria (État)</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Victoria</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strazielle, Nathalie" sort="Strazielle, Nathalie" uniqKey="Strazielle N" first="Nathalie" last="Strazielle">Nathalie Strazielle</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>Brain-i, Lyon, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Brain-i, Lyon</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region><settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kratzer, Ingrid" sort="Kratzer, Ingrid" uniqKey="Kratzer I" first="Ingrid" last="Kratzer">Ingrid Kratzer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Department of Organismic Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Organismic Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Salzburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Llg Rd, Kjeld" sort="M Llg Rd, Kjeld" uniqKey="M Llg Rd K" first="Kjeld" last="M Llg Rd">Kjeld M Llg Rd</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff11"><addr-line>Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghersi Egea, Jean Francois" sort="Ghersi Egea, Jean Francois" uniqKey="Ghersi Egea J" first="Jean-François" last="Ghersi-Egea">Jean-François Ghersi-Egea</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><addr-line>Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, U1028, Lyon, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, U1028, Lyon</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region><settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saunders, Norman R" sort="Saunders, Norman R" uniqKey="Saunders N" first="Norman R." last="Saunders">Norman R. Saunders</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Pharmacology, the University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology, the University of Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement><region type="état">Victoria (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>We provide comprehensive identification of embryonic (E15) and adult rat lateral ventricular choroid plexus transcriptome, with focus on junction-associated proteins, ionic influx transporters and channels. Additionally, these data are related to new structural and previously published permeability studies. Results reveal that most genes associated with intercellular junctions are expressed at similar levels at both ages. In total, 32 molecules known to be associated with brain barrier interfaces were identified. Nine claudins showed unaltered expression, while two claudins (6 and 8) were expressed at higher levels in the embryo. Expression levels for most cytoplasmic/regulatory adaptors (10 of 12) were similar at the two ages. A few junctional genes displayed lower expression in embryos, including 5 claudins, occludin and one junctional adhesion molecule. Three gap junction genes were enriched in the embryo. The functional effectiveness of these junctions was assessed using blood-delivered water-soluble tracers at both the light and electron microscopic level: embryo and adult junctions halted movement of both 286Da and 3kDa molecules into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The molecular identities of many ion channel and transporter genes previously reported as important for CSF formation and secretion in the adult were demonstrated in the embryonic choroid plexus (and validated with immunohistochemistry of protein products), but with some major age-related differences in expression. In addition, a large number of previously unidentified ion channel and transporter genes were identified for the first time in plexus epithelium. These results, in addition to data obtained from electron microscopical and physiological permeability experiments in immature brains, indicate that exchange between blood and CSF is mainly transcellular, as well-formed tight junctions restrict movement of small water-soluble molecules from early in development. These data strongly indicate the brain develops within a well-protected internal environment and the exchange between the blood, brain and CSF is transcellular and <underline>not</underline> through incomplete barriers.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="J Rup, L" uniqKey="J Rup L">L Järup</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Costa, Lg" uniqKey="Costa L">LG Costa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Giordano, G" uniqKey="Giordano G">G Giordano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Faustman, Em" uniqKey="Faustman E">EM Faustman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Watson, Re" uniqKey="Watson R">RE Watson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Desesso, Jm" uniqKey="Desesso J">JM Desesso</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hurtt, Me" uniqKey="Hurtt M">ME Hurtt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cappon, Gd" uniqKey="Cappon 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Liddelow</name></region><name sortKey="Dziegielewska, Katarzyna M" sort="Dziegielewska, Katarzyna M" uniqKey="Dziegielewska K" first="Katarzyna M." last="Dziegielewska">Katarzyna M. Dziegielewska</name><name sortKey="Habgood, Mark D" sort="Habgood, Mark D" uniqKey="Habgood M" first="Mark D." last="Habgood">Mark D. Habgood</name><name sortKey="Lindsay, Helen" sort="Lindsay, Helen" uniqKey="Lindsay H" first="Helen" last="Lindsay">Helen Lindsay</name><name sortKey="Lindsay, Helen" sort="Lindsay, Helen" uniqKey="Lindsay H" first="Helen" last="Lindsay">Helen Lindsay</name><name sortKey="Saunders, Norman R" sort="Saunders, Norman R" uniqKey="Saunders N" first="Norman R." last="Saunders">Norman R. Saunders</name><name sortKey="Wakefield, Matthew J" sort="Wakefield, Matthew J" uniqKey="Wakefield M" first="Matthew J." last="Wakefield">Matthew J. Wakefield</name><name sortKey="Wakefield, Matthew J" sort="Wakefield, Matthew J" uniqKey="Wakefield M" first="Matthew J." last="Wakefield">Matthew J. Wakefield</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Californie"><name sortKey="Liddelow, Shane A" sort="Liddelow, Shane A" uniqKey="Liddelow S" first="Shane A." last="Liddelow">Shane A. Liddelow</name></region></country><country name="Suède"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ek, C Joakim" sort="Ek, C Joakim" uniqKey="Ek C" first="C. Joakim" last="Ek">C. Joakim Ek</name></noRegion></country><country name="Autriche"><noRegion><name sortKey="Bauer, Hannelore" sort="Bauer, Hannelore" uniqKey="Bauer H" first="Hannelore" last="Bauer">Hannelore Bauer</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bauer, Hans Christian" sort="Bauer, Hans Christian" uniqKey="Bauer H" first="Hans-Christian" last="Bauer">Hans-Christian Bauer</name><name sortKey="Bauer, Hans Christian" sort="Bauer, Hans Christian" uniqKey="Bauer H" first="Hans-Christian" last="Bauer">Hans-Christian Bauer</name><name sortKey="Kratzer, Ingrid" sort="Kratzer, Ingrid" uniqKey="Kratzer I" first="Ingrid" last="Kratzer">Ingrid Kratzer</name></country><country name="France"><region name="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes"><name sortKey="Strazielle, Nathalie" sort="Strazielle, Nathalie" uniqKey="Strazielle N" first="Nathalie" last="Strazielle">Nathalie Strazielle</name></region><name sortKey="Ghersi Egea, Jean Francois" sort="Ghersi Egea, Jean Francois" uniqKey="Ghersi Egea J" first="Jean-François" last="Ghersi-Egea">Jean-François Ghersi-Egea</name></country><country name="Danemark"><region name="Hovedstaden"><name sortKey="M Llg Rd, Kjeld" sort="M Llg Rd, Kjeld" uniqKey="M Llg Rd K" first="Kjeld" last="M Llg Rd">Kjeld M Llg Rd</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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